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Elections is one of decision-making pro cesses in which they are to choose from among a group of candidates for the position of certain positions of the State and the process of selection by the people. The elections are the way in which the newly democratic countries to fill jobs in the State, whether the functions of political or service functions. The tracking system of some sectors, primarily the election to fill the functions, especially when it comes to leadership positions in those sectors. Every country has an electoral law governing the conduct of electoral processes and as approved by the Constitution. [1]
Ideologies:
Book 2, chapter 2 of his book, the spirit of the laws, Montesquieu says that when the elections both in the Republic or a democracy, voters alternate between being the rulers of the country and being the subjects of the government. In the voting process, the people, in any sovereign state or government, as masters of the selection of serving in government.
The right to vote:
The view of some of the jurists that the election of the rights of the citizen on the grounds that the citizen is part of the rule by the people in public life and this is contributing to the election of representative democracy and this election is really the basic human rights.
According to the doctrinal point of view, the electoral authority to give every citizen the right to not be removed to that of human rights arising from the person and the personal right of election, the citizen is free to exercise this right or not to exercise.
In the opinion of the jurists that the election of the post due to the home can not be neglected, based on this view to say that popular sovereignty by the nation's moral personality independent of its natural, and that citizens who exercise their powers to not only members of the function of this nation are voting to elect their representatives on behalf of , as it is when people are conducting the election of a particular post by the law to them as members of the nation's sovereignty.
Forms of the elections:
Heterogeneous forms of the elections was marked by various Ptksemat the most important election and general election ballot.
A - the election ballot:
System, which is required to be available in the voter's share of money or a portion of the education and limited in the type of men only.
B - a general election:
Is the system which allows every citizen the right to vote in the State, regardless of gender, property, education or religion. And if the nationality of the voter and the voter's legal age for election.
Types of elections:
In most democratic political systems, we find different types of elections, according to the regulations of various government within a single country, and months of that species:
presidential elections
général élections
primary election
Pre-election
local elections
Co-option
Characteristics of the elections:
Motivation:
Systems differ from the systems of third party on the party nominations. In direct democracy, the type of third-party democracy, the right of any person eligible to nominate in the election. In some systems there is no third-party nominations (or campaigning, etc.) occur at all, with all the freedom of voters to choose any person in the time of the vote - with some possibilities for the development of a minimum age for a person according to competence. In such cases, it is not required (or even possible) that the members would be fully aware of all qualified persons, in spite of that, this kind of elections can be part of the indirect elections to a wider geographical levels to ensure that some first-hand familiarity among potential electees can exist at these levels (ie, among the elected delegates).
In party systems, in some States, members of the political party who can only nomination. Or an eligible person can run through the petition and can be placed on the electoral list.
Who is the team:
Electoral systems:
Refer to the details of electoral systems, as recognized in the Constitution of the State of the electoral laws governing the nomination and voting processes and its relationship with political parties and individual candidates for positions in which the election is on them.
Scheduling:
Campaigns:
At the time of the elections, politicians and their supporters begin to influence policy directly compete to win votes in the so-called campaign. Can be either pro or formally organized loosely affiliated, and often use advertising campaigns. It is common for scientists to use the political campaigns in an attempt to predict by the methods of political forecasting.
Difficulties in the elections:
In many countries, which suffer from the weakness of the law, one of the most common causes of non-conformity of the elections to the international standards government intervention is concerned. You enabled the use of dictatorial regimes the powers of the executive (police, martial law and censorship, and physical implementation of the elections, and so on) in order to stay in power despite the trend of public opinion to the demise of that power.
Can be used in a certain direction of the legislative authority of force or the force of greatness (the passage of criminal laws, such as determining the electoral mechanisms and rehabilitation and district boundaries) to prevent the balance of power in the elections of the transition to another competitor.
The non-government intervention in the elections, the use of physical force, intimidation, threat, or fraud in the results through the screening or the counting of votes.
The process of monitoring the ongoing task of rigging the elections in countries with strong traditions of free and fair elections.
Problems that may impede the elections be free and fair can occur at different stages:
lack of open political dee, or lack of informed voters.
unjust laws.
fall election campaigns.
tampering with the election mechanism
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Elections is one of decision-making pro cesses in which they are to choose from among a group of candidates for the position of certain positions of the State and the process of selection by the people. The elections are the way in which the newly democratic countries to fill jobs in the State, whether the functions of political or service functions. The tracking system of some sectors, primarily the election to fill the functions, especially when it comes to leadership positions in those sectors. Every country has an electoral law governing the conduct of electoral processes and as approved by the Constitution. [1]
Ideologies:
Book 2, chapter 2 of his book, the spirit of the laws, Montesquieu says that when the elections both in the Republic or a democracy, voters alternate between being the rulers of the country and being the subjects of the government. In the voting process, the people, in any sovereign state or government, as masters of the selection of serving in government.
The right to vote:
The view of some of the jurists that the election of the rights of the citizen on the grounds that the citizen is part of the rule by the people in public life and this is contributing to the election of representative democracy and this election is really the basic human rights.
According to the doctrinal point of view, the electoral authority to give every citizen the right to not be removed to that of human rights arising from the person and the personal right of election, the citizen is free to exercise this right or not to exercise.
In the opinion of the jurists that the election of the post due to the home can not be neglected, based on this view to say that popular sovereignty by the nation's moral personality independent of its natural, and that citizens who exercise their powers to not only members of the function of this nation are voting to elect their representatives on behalf of , as it is when people are conducting the election of a particular post by the law to them as members of the nation's sovereignty.
Forms of the elections:
Heterogeneous forms of the elections was marked by various Ptksemat the most important election and general election ballot.
A - the election ballot:
System, which is required to be available in the voter's share of money or a portion of the education and limited in the type of men only.
B - a general election:
Is the system which allows every citizen the right to vote in the State, regardless of gender, property, education or religion. And if the nationality of the voter and the voter's legal age for election.
Types of elections:
In most democratic political systems, we find different types of elections, according to the regulations of various government within a single country, and months of that species:
presidential elections
général élections
primary election
Pre-election
local elections
Co-option
Characteristics of the elections:
Motivation:
Systems differ from the systems of third party on the party nominations. In direct democracy, the type of third-party democracy, the right of any person eligible to nominate in the election. In some systems there is no third-party nominations (or campaigning, etc.) occur at all, with all the freedom of voters to choose any person in the time of the vote - with some possibilities for the development of a minimum age for a person according to competence. In such cases, it is not required (or even possible) that the members would be fully aware of all qualified persons, in spite of that, this kind of elections can be part of the indirect elections to a wider geographical levels to ensure that some first-hand familiarity among potential electees can exist at these levels (ie, among the elected delegates).
In party systems, in some States, members of the political party who can only nomination. Or an eligible person can run through the petition and can be placed on the electoral list.
Who is the team:
Electoral systems:
Refer to the details of electoral systems, as recognized in the Constitution of the State of the electoral laws governing the nomination and voting processes and its relationship with political parties and individual candidates for positions in which the election is on them.
Scheduling:
Campaigns:
At the time of the elections, politicians and their supporters begin to influence policy directly compete to win votes in the so-called campaign. Can be either pro or formally organized loosely affiliated, and often use advertising campaigns. It is common for scientists to use the political campaigns in an attempt to predict by the methods of political forecasting.
Difficulties in the elections:
In many countries, which suffer from the weakness of the law, one of the most common causes of non-conformity of the elections to the international standards government intervention is concerned. You enabled the use of dictatorial regimes the powers of the executive (police, martial law and censorship, and physical implementation of the elections, and so on) in order to stay in power despite the trend of public opinion to the demise of that power.
Can be used in a certain direction of the legislative authority of force or the force of greatness (the passage of criminal laws, such as determining the electoral mechanisms and rehabilitation and district boundaries) to prevent the balance of power in the elections of the transition to another competitor.
The non-government intervention in the elections, the use of physical force, intimidation, threat, or fraud in the results through the screening or the counting of votes.
The process of monitoring the ongoing task of rigging the elections in countries with strong traditions of free and fair elections.
Problems that may impede the elections be free and fair can occur at different stages:
lack of open political dee, or lack of informed voters.
unjust laws.
fall election campaigns.
tampering with the election mechanism
| Eacute;lections est l'un des processus de prise de décision dans lequel ils sont à choisir parmi un groupe de candidats pour le poste de certains postes de l'Etat et le processus de sélection par le peuple. Les élections sont la manière dont les nouveaux pays démocratiques de combler des emplois dans l'Etat, si les fonctions de politique ou de fonctions de service. Le système de suivi de certains secteurs, principalement l'élection pour remplir les fonctions, en particulier quand il s'agit de positions de leadership dans ces secteurs. Chaque pays a une loi électorale régissant la conduite des processus électoraux et approuvé par la Constitution. [1] Idéologies: Livre 2, chapitre 2 de son livre, l'esprit des lois, Montesquieu a écrit que, lorsque les deux élections dans la République ou la démocratie, les électeurs étant alterner entre les dirigeants du pays et faisant l'objet du gouvernement. Dans le processus de vote, le peuple, en tout état souverain ou de gouvernement, en tant que maîtres de la sélection de servir au sein du gouvernement. Le droit de vote: Le point de vue de certains des juristes que l'élection des droits du citoyen, au motif que le citoyen est partie de la règle par le peuple dans la vie publique et ce qui contribue à l'élection de la démocratie représentative, et cette élection est vraiment la base des droits de l'homme. Selon le point de vue doctrinal, l'autorité électorale de donner à chaque citoyen le droit de ne pas être enlevé pour que les droits de l'homme découlant de la personne et le droit personnel de l'élection, le citoyen est libre d'exercer ou non ce droit d'exercer. De l'avis des juristes que l'élection pour le poste en raison de la maison ne peut être négligée, sur la base de ce point de vue de dire que la souveraineté populaire par la personnalité morale de la nation, indépendamment de son naturel, et que les citoyens qui exercent leur pouvoir de ne pas seulement les membres de la fonction de cette nation de voter pour élire leurs représentants au nom de , comme il l'est lorsque les gens sont à l'élection d'un poste par la loi pour eux en tant que membres de la souveraineté de la nation. Les formes de ces élections: Formes hétérogènes des élections a été marquée par diverses Ptksemat élection la plus importante et la tour de scrutin des élections générales. A - le bulletin de vote: System, qui doit être disponible dans les listes électorales de la part de l'argent ou une partie de l'éducation et limité dans le type d'hommes. B - d'une élection générale: Est-ce que le système qui permet à chaque citoyen le droit de vote dans l'État, indépendamment du sexe, de propriété, d'éducation ou de religion. Et si la nationalité de l'électeur et l'électeur de l'âge légal pour l'élection. Types d'élections: Dans la plupart des systèmes politiques démocratiques, on trouve différents types d'élections, conformément à la réglementation des divers ordres de gouvernement au sein d'un même pays, et des mois de cette espèce: élections présidentielles élections générales élection primaire Pré élection les élections locales Co-option Caractéristiques des élections: Motivation: Diffèrent des systèmes de tiers sur la partie nominations. Dans la démocratie directe, le troisième type de démocratie, le droit de toute personne le droit de désigner à l'élection. Dans certains systèmes, il n'y a pas de tierce partie nominations (ou de campagne, etc.) se produisent à tous, avec toute la liberté des électeurs de choisir une personne dans le moment du vote - à quelques possibilités pour le développement d'un âge minimum pour une personne en fonction de la compétence. Dans de tels cas, il n'est pas nécessaire (ou même possible) que les membres soient pleinement conscients de toutes les personnes qualifiées, en dépit de cela, ce type d'élections peut être une partie de celle des élections indirectes à un niveau géographique plus large pour faire en sorte que certains de première main la connaissance les éventuels electees peut exister à ce niveau (c'est-à-dire, entre les représentants élus). Dans les systèmes de partis, dans certains États, les membres du parti politique qui ne peut que la nomination. Ou une personne admissible peut fonctionner par le biais de la pétition et peut être placé sur la liste électorale. Qui est l'équipe: Les systèmes électoraux: Se référer aux détails des systèmes électoraux, comme l'a reconnu dans la Constitution de l'Etat de la loi électorale régissant la nomination et le processus de vote et de ses relations avec les partis politiques et les candidats à des postes dans l'élection qui est la leur. Planification: Campagnes: Au moment des élections, les politiciens et leurs partisans commencent à influer sur les politiques directement en concurrence pour gagner des voix dans ce qu'on appelle la campagne. Peut-être soit pro ou officiellement organisée vaguement affiliés, et utilisent souvent des campagnes de publicité. Il est commun pour les scientifiques à utiliser les campagnes politiques pour tenter de prédire par les méthodes de prévision politique. Difficultés rencontrées dans les élections: Dans de nombreux pays, qui souffrent de la faiblesse de la loi, l'une des causes les plus fréquentes de non-conformité des élections aux normes internationales l'intervention du gouvernement est concerné. Vous avez permis l'utilisation de régimes dictatoriaux, les pouvoirs de l'exécutif (police, la loi martiale et la censure, et mise en œuvre des élections, et ainsi de suite), afin de rester au pouvoir malgré la tendance de l'opinion publique à la disparition de ce pouvoir. Peut être utilisé dans un certain sens de l'autorité législative de la force ou la force de la grandeur (le passage de lois pénales, telles que la détermination des mécanismes électoraux et de la réadaptation et les limites de la circonscription) pour empêcher la balance du pouvoir dans les élections de la transition vers un autre concurrent. La non-intervention du gouvernement dans les élections, l'utilisation de la force physique, l'intimidation, la menace, ou la fraude dans les résultats grâce à la projection ou le comptage des votes. Le processus de contrôle de la tâche en cours de montage des élections dans les pays à forte tradition d'élections libres et équitables. Les problèmes qui entravent mai les élections soient libres et équitables peuvent se produire à différentes étapes: l'absence de dé politique ouvert, ou le manque de connaissance des électeurs. des lois injustes. chute des campagnes électorales. la falsification de l'élection mécanisme |